Application note ground plane effect on gain for apae series patch antenna is a passive component and therefore, its gain is defined as antenna directivity times the radiation efficiency. Mar 09, 2018 since last six years i have worked on numerous patch antenna designs and most of them were designed using fr4 substrate. Effects of ground plane size on a square microstrip patch antenna. The ground plane must have comparatively very large dimensions than the patch. In this case, its a multiband antenna the customer is using it can be used from 700 mhz 2700 mhz so the ground plane required could be anywhere from 464 square inches. Therefore, we conclude that patch antennaswith respect to the con. To improve the gain, ground plane dimensions length and width are varied in multiples of length l and width w respectively. What is the effect of a substrate in a microstrip antenna.
The addition of a thick ground plane to the aperture coupled patch. If you have an antenna with ground plane microstrip antenna and without ground plane sometimes called monopole, the antenna with ground. Design and improvement of microstrip patch antenna. Effect of ground plane deformation on electrical performance.
Microstrip patch antenna calculator patch antenna formula. In the ground plane antenna style whip antenna, the plane consists of several wires. If it is just a patch antenna with the height much smaller than the length and width, i think even make the ground plane about 35 thickness wider than the width is good enough. The substrate is actually embedded with full metal layering ontop and bottom. Apr 01, 2017 the substrate between patch and ground plane plays important role in design it decides the bandwidth as well as size of the microstrip antenna. Ushaped microstrip patch antenna with partial ground plane. Practically in antenna design patch, feed and ground are made with copper. Patch antenna parameters variation with ground plane dimensions. The rectangular patch antenna is designed so that it can operate at the resonance frequency. The patch is attached to the ground plane by foam, providing firm connections and flexibility in bending.
Blog antenna ground plane calculation arcadian antenna. The amountsize of the groundplane required for the optimal performance of a monopole antenna is determined by the frequency you are transmittingreceiving at. The patch antenna, microstrip transmission line and ground plane are made of high conductivity metal typically copper. Microstrip patch antenna is used in mobile handset due to simple look, lower cost, small size and light in weight. A thick dielectric substrate with dielectric constant within the range of 2. While designing a microstrip antenna in hfss, how much thickness.
The ground plane is a conductor and metals reflect electromagnetic radiation. A low profile, unidirectional, dual layer, and narrow bandwidth microstrip patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2. A multilayer microstrip patch antenna subarray design. A wideband microstrip patch antenna for kuband applications. The microstrip antenna produces maximum radiation in the broadside direction. The addition of a thick ground plane to the aperture coupled patch antenna, proposed as a heat sink. It has been shown by 9 that similar results for finite and infinite ground plane can be obtained if the size of the ground plane is greater than the patch dimensions by approximately six times the substrate thickness all around the periphery. Improvement of efficiency parameter of a microstrip patch.
The main focus of this paper is to improve band width so that patch antenna is used. The value of s 11 is found about 27db at the resonant frequency of 1. If you fabricated an antenna before, it works like this. The aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna was proposed in pozar 1985 to alleviate the difficulties of feeding printed antennas operating at millimeter wave frequencies. Performance of microstrip patch antenna on a reinforced. Design and implementation of patch antenna 7 mmic designs, and when the particular patch shape and mode are selected, they are very versatile in terms of resonant frequency, polarization, pattern, and impedance. Patch with partial ground plane microstrip antenna is shown in fig. The finite thickness of the ground plane is taken into account in the cavity model to analyse some aperture coupled microstrip patch antennas at millimetre. In the following some results are reported for the patch moving on the diagonal of the ground plane, starting from the center see fig. Patch and ground plane design of microstrip antennas by material. A microstrip patch antenna is comprised of a radiating metallic patch situated on one side of a nonconducting substrate panel with a metallic ground plane placed on the other side of the panel. It consists of a rectangular metal patch on a dielectric substrate and is excited by a voltage source across the metal patch and the bottom ground plane of the substrate. The folded ground plane can be easily constructed by folding a planar metal plate along the antennas resonant direction direction along the xz plane in the figure.
Analysis of an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna. The finite thickness of the ground plane is taken into account in the cavity model to analyse some aperture coupled microstrip patch antennas at millimetrewave frequencies 60 ghz. The characteristics studied include return loss, gain, halfpower beamwidth hpbw, and radiation pattern. Ground mounted antennas are often very easy and convenient to use. The patch is of length l, width w, and sitting on top of a substrate some dielectric circuit board of thickness h with permittivity. Usually, a copper is used as a ground plane with thickness of 35 micron. Microstrip patch antenna and the feed line shares a common ground plane. Aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna with thick. The ground plane should extend beyond the edges of the patch by at least 2 to 3 times the board thickness for proper operation.
The thickness of the patch being h with a height and thickness t is supported by a ground plane. Ground plane ground plane thickness is minimal figure 1 z x y 6. Photoetching is done to fabricate the radiating element and feed lines on the substrate. The rf energy from the feed line is coupled the radiating patch electromagnetically. In case of a patch the resonant frequency depends on the length of the patch and length is a crucial parameter. However when it is not possible to ground mount an antenna because of ground conditions or it is necessary to elevate the antenna, another solution is to use a ground plane. The length of the patch for a rectangular patch antenna normally would be 0. Slots in the ground plane of rectangular patch we designed microstrip patch antenna with multiple number of slots. This work is mainly focused on increasing the gain as well as reducing the size of the. This geometry has subsequently been analyzed by a number of researchers using various techniques and models. In a patch antenna, most of the propagation is above the ground plane and. To reduce the design cycle time, commercially available cad software packages are utilized.
The proposed antenna is suitable for specific applications, such as security and military systems, which require a narrow bandwidth and a small antenna size. Thus, you can make a patch antenna with sheet of metal for the ground plane, and a sheet of metal for the patch. The basics of patch antennas, updated orban microwave. Increasing microstrip patch antenna bandwidth by inserting. Some antennas are designed with etched ground plane. Ceramic patch antennas are very popular because of the low costs and the huge variation of available sizes 40 x 40 mm down to 10 x 10 mm. What are the exact materials used in designing a microstrip. Patch and ground plane design of microstrip antennas by. Ground thickness plane in the design is ideally 0 and the metal patch is 0. Create a rectangular patch antenna with a length of 40 mm and a width of 30 mm on a 80 mm x 60 mm ground plane.
You can cut a hole in the ground plane and insert coaxial cable, peeling back the. The lossless substrate has a dielectric constant of 2. Design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using. Broadband circularly polarized planar patch antenna with a. A 50 mm 2 square ground plane size measures sqrt50. While designing a microstrip antenna in hfss, how much thickness of conducting patch and ground plane should we take for better results. A terahertz cmos vshaped patch antenna with defected. A microstrip patch antenna mpa consists of a conducting patch of any planar or nonplanar geometry on one side of a dielectric substrate with a ground plane on other side.
This antenna does not take any much extra size and can be etched on the same mobile pcb itself. The gain and hpbw varied periodically with increasing. Gui for the rectangular patch antenna is as shown below. But with our proposed structure, the value of s 11 is decreased further as shown in fig.
An inset fed rectangular patch antenna is designed to operate at 2. Patch antenna mounted on a ground plane with a pigtail cable to a connector. Patch antennas come in various shapes and sizes and consist of a patch of metal directly above a ground plane. Making the ground plane larger also increases the gain, but as the ground plane size. The antenna is simulated with fr4 substrate with the relative dielectric constant of 4. A patch antenna also known as a rectangular micro strip antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be constructed on a flat surface. The aperture coupled patch antenna with a thick ground plane is analyzed in the present paper using the reciprocity method with a fullwave moment method analysis in the spectral domain. But, if the size of the ground plane is greater than the patch dimensions by approximately six times the substrate thickness all around the periphery, a similar radiation characteristic for finite and infinite ground plane can be obtained 6. The thickness of the ground plane or of the microstrip is not critically important. Passive patch antenna application note ground plane effect on gain for apae series patch antenna is a passive component and therefore, its gain is defined as antenna directivity times the radiation efficiency. The antenna efficiency is defined as the ratio of the radiated power to the input power. The performance of a microstrip patch antenna operating against a carbon fiber composite ground plane is investigated and compared with results for a copper ground, both numerically and experimentally. Therefore, one of upper metal layers is selected as a radiating patch and thus the interlayer dielectric sio 2 serves as a substrate of the.
Analysis and design of highly transparent meshed patch. How exactly a ground plane helps inproving antenna gain. For example, some patch antennas are approximately half a wavelength on each side. In addition, by adding loads between the patch and the ground plane, such as pins and varactor diodes, adaptive elements with. The thickness h of substrate is a function of resonant frequency and lies generally in the range 0. Design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using inset. A ground plane that is too small will result in a reduced front to back ratio. In the most basic form, a circularmicrostrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of the dielectric substrate, which has ground plane on the other side and ground plane and radiating patch. While designing a microstrip antenna in hfss, how much. Following equations or formula are used for this microstrip patch antenna calculator. The main disadvantage of these antennas is their relatively large size compared to other types of antennas. An electromagnetic em model of the composite antenna is developed using microwave studio for numerical analysis.
Since last six years i have worked on numerous patch antenna designs and most of them were designed using fr4 substrate. In general, the ground plane size of the patch antenna should be 23 times the patch size, so as to maintain a good front and rear ratio. Improving bandwidth rectangular patch antenna using different. The thickness has a strong effect on impedance matching at high frequencies owing to the ratio between the thickness and the wavelength, which increases with frequency. The radio waves from an antenna element that reflect off a ground plane appear to come from a mirror image of the antenna located on the other side of the ground plane. Thickness of patch does not effect the results significantly. Analysis and design of highly transparent meshed patch antenna backed by a solid ground plane tursunjan yasin1, reyhan baktur2, timothy turpin2, and jesus arellano2 abstractthis paper analyzes rectangular and circular patch antennas fabricated from meshed conductors and backed with solid ground planes. Next from what i gather the ground plane can be any size but should at least protrude 50mm from each edge of the patch. As the name indicates the antenna ground plane acts as a. Lenghtheffective wavelength2under root of relative permitivity of substrate. Patch antennas can show a very high gain, especially if they are mounted on top of a large ground plane 70 x 70 mm. Whats the thickness of fr4 substrate that one should take. Aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna with thick ground plane.
Gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna using a. Microstrip antenna an overview sciencedirect topics. The width and length of the patch can be calculated by 2 12 12 r c w f. In order to explore the effect of substrate permittivity and thickness on antenna. Circular patch antenna with superstrate thickness 3. What is the thickness of copper used in antenna design. In gui resonant frequency fr, input impedance, dielectric thickness, dielectric constant are taken as a input parameter.
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